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大卫·布拉德利-多元文化的中国: 中国的少数民族

大卫·布拉德利-多元文化的中国: 中国的少数民族

  • 分类:炎黄研究
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  • 发布时间:2013-01-24 16:12
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大卫·布拉德利-多元文化的中国: 中国的少数民族

【概要描述】

  • 分类:炎黄研究
  • 作者:
  • 来源:
  • 发布时间:2013-01-24 16:12
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David Bradley

David Bradley is Professor of Linguistics at La Trobe University. He has alsobeen professor in the UK, France, the US, Thailand and China. He is author of numerous books, and editor of many more including the Language Atlas of China.
His research is on the minority languages of China and surrounding countries, and he also works to help several of those communities to maintain and develop their languages.

Multicultural China: The Minority Nationalities of China

China is a multinational country, with the Han Chinese majority and 55 national minorities, currently nearly 8.5% of the total population. According to the 1982 constitution, each national minority has the right to maintain and develop its language and culture, and to local autonomy in its own area. There are autonomous administrative units for all but the smallest of the 55 national minorities: five Autonomous Regions at the same level as provinces (Inner Mongolia for the Mongols, Xinjiang for the Uighur, Tibet for the Tibetans, Ningxia for the Hui and Guangxi for the Zhuang), many Autonomous Prefectures and even more Autonomous Counties.

These minorities range in popuilation from over ten million (three minorities, the Zhuang, Manchu and Hui), over one million (15 minorities), over 100,000 (17 minorities), over 10,000 (13 minorities) and under 10,000 (7 minorities).
They are concentrated in the westem half of the country.

All of these minorities have been in close contact with the Han Chinese majority for millennia, and their cultures havebeen substantially influenced by Han Chinese culture. However, most still have distinctive cultures; in recent years,these cultures have become a major economic advantage, as both foreign and intemal tourism has developed rapidly.Each national minority deploys its cultural festivals and activities for this purpose, as well as to foster its own identityas a distinctive part of multicultural China.

This presentation will give some examples from my work in southwestem China among medium-sized nationalminorities such as the Lisu, Lahu and Hani.

China's Minority Population

1982 1990 2000 2010

Total 1,003,913,927 1,130,510,638 1,242,600,226 1,340,308,728

Minority 67,234.046 88,025,030 105,213,173 113,792,211

% Minority 6.7% 7.8% 8.5% 8.5%

 

大卫·布拉德利

大卫·布拉德利是拉筹伯大学的语言学教授。他在英国、法国、美国、泰国和中国也担任过教授。他撰写了许多书籍,且编辑过包括《中国语言地图集》在内的许多图书。他研究的是中国和周边国家的少数民族语言,他还致力于帮助其中的几个社区保持和发展他们的语言

 

多元文化的中国:中国的少数民族

中国是一个多民族国家,包括主体民族汉族和55个少数民族,目前,少数民族占总人口的8.5%左右。根据1982年宪法,每个少数民族均有权保持和发展本民族的语言和文化,并有权在本地区进行民族自治。除了55个少数民族中的最小民族以外,其余的少数民族均有行政自治单位:5个省级自治区(内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、西藏自治区、宁夏回族自治区和广西壮族自治区)、很多个自治州,至于自治县就更多了。

这些少数民族人口有的超过一千万(三个少数民族:壮族、满族和回族),有的超过一百万(15个少数民族),有的超过10万(17个少数民族),有的超过1万(13个少数民族),有的不到1万(7个少数民族)。少数民族主要聚居在中国西部。
所有这些少数民族在过去一千年来与汉族有紧密联系,他们的文化受到中国汉文化的深刻影响。然而,大多数少数民族至今仍有各自独立的文化;近年来,由于国内和国外旅游业的快速发展,这些文化已经成为一种重要的经济优势。因此,每个少数民族都举办各自的文化节和活动,并把各自的文化培育为多元文化的中国的一个具有特色的组成部分。

本文将提供我在中国西南研究工作的有关中等规模少数民族(例如傈僳族、拉祜族和哈尼族)的一些例子。

中国的少数民族人口

1982 1990 2000 2010

总数 1,003,913,927 1,130,510,638 1,242,600,226 1,340,308,728

少数名族67,234.046 88,025,030 105,213,173 113,792,211

少数民族所占百分比 6.7% 7.8% 8.5% 8.5%

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