文化的转型，抉择与发展

——对中国17世纪以来文化演进历程的回眸与思考可以说，在16、17世纪以前，中国文化无所谓自觉选择问题。明清之际西方基督教文化传人的一百多年，开始搅动中国文化的固有格局，但仍未能撼动中国文化这颗大树。两次鸦片战争的爆发及其失败，西方强势文化的侵入，中国人才真正开始自觉地反省本民族的文化问题，开始选择适合本民族的文化发展道路问题。本文从“会通以求超胜”到“中西文化会通”、“东方文化”论与“全盘西化”论的冲突以及“中国本位文化”向“民族的科学的大众的文化”的创造性转化三个方面对一百多年来中国人在选择适合本民族文化发展道路方面所产生的困惑和论争从宏观上做一剖析和阐释。

王杰

王杰，男，1963年生，山东淄博人。1980-1984年就读于山东大学哲学系，获哲学学士学位；1984-1987年就读于中国人民大学哲学系，获哲学硕士学位；1998-2001年就读于中国人民大学哲学系，获哲学博士学位。2002年至2004年在北京师范大学历史学博士后流动站从事研究工作。现为中共中央党校哲学部教授，博士生导师，中外哲学教研室副主任，兼任中华炎黄文化研究会副秘书长、中国实学会会长。

WangJie

Gender:male

Occupation:professorandPh.DsupervisorofPhilosophydepartmentinPartySchooloftheCentralcommitteeofC.P.C.

Part-timejobs:serveonviceChairman,vicepresident,director,standingdirector,secretarygeneral,assistantdean,researchfellowandsooninseveralacademic

andresearchinstitutions.

Academicachievements:publishedThePerspectiveofConfucianHumanKnowledge,ManuscriptofPre-

QinConfucianPoliticalIdeas,editedPapercompilationonChinesetraditionalcultureforLeadingcadres,etc.

Rewards:excellentteacherofPartySchooloftheCentralcommitteeofC.P.C.,

Culturaltransformation,ChoiceandDevelopment

LookingBackandThinkingofChinaCulturalEvolutionsincethe17t'century

Inancienthistory,therehavebeenintroducedtwolarge-

scaleforeignculturesintoChina:oneistheintroductionofIndianBuddhistcultureduringHanandTangDynasties,theotheristheintroductionoftheWesternChristiancultureattheturnofMingandQingDynasties.
SincethelateMingDynastytotheearlyQingDynasty,alargenumberofWesternmissionariescametoChina,theyintroducedWesternnaturalsciencesintochina,suchasastronomy,geography,mathematics,physics,chemistry,andmanyWesternartifactswhileconductedreligiousactivities.Thusbeganalarge-scaleofwesternlearningaswellasthecommunicationandexchangeofChineseandWesterncultures,thisleadtheMingandQingDynastiesintellectualsextricatingthemselvesfromatraditionalclosedstate,butformanyreasons,thislarge-scaleforeignculturaltransmissionhasnotcausedafundamentalchangeinthestructureofChineseculture.

Inthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,theancientChineseculturaltraditionshavebeenforcedtomakeadjustmentsandchangeitsinherentdevelopmenttracksanddirectionsinthefaceofWesternimperialisticmaterial,institutionalandspiritual'sinvasionandimpact.AlargenumberofChinaearlyprecursors,inordertoseektheroadofnationalsalvation,theybegantoexploreandseektheroadanddirectionofthenationalculturedevelopmentwhilelearningWesternadvancedscientificandtechnologicalknowledgeandSpiritualcivilization.TheyproposedallsortsofimaginationsofChinaculturaldevelopment,theymakeavaluableexplorationinquestofthecorrectwaytoChineseculturaldevelopment.
However,duetothelimitsofthetimes,theydidn'tseekanyrightroadwhichsuitableforChineseculturaldevelopment.Nevertheless,theirexplorationonselectofChinaculturehaslaidasolidfoundationtofindtheroadofscientificandculturaldevelopment.
ThisarticleanalysesandexplainstheconfusionandcontroversyofChinesepeopleinchoosingthepathwhichsuitablefornationalculturaldevelopmentofthepasthundredyearsfromthefollowingthreeaspects:From"integrateinordertoultra-wins"to"integrateChineseandWesterncultures",theconflictsbetween"Easternculture"and"totalWesternization"aswellascreativetransformationfrom"Chinabasedculture"to"national,scientificandmassculture".